Drug Addiction And Substance Abuse - 1808 Words

An addict may ask why they are addicted, and others are not. What makes them different, that this disease has taken over their life? Addiction includes biological, psychological, and behavioral factors. It is very dangerous emotionally, psychologically, and physically. Drug addiction or substance abuse is an ongoing uncontrollable need to use drugs, despite the harmful or negative consequences it causes. The person depends on drugs to keep functioning normally as the natural chemical balance of the brain is altered. No matter the reason a person starts abusing drugs, either for excitement, escape or curiosity, it can cause serious, long-term consequences, including physical and mental problems. Addiction or substance abuse is not something that should be taken lightly; anyone can be affected by it. No matter what causes a person to turn to drugs or alcohol, learning the facts about addiction can help them overcome it. With support, belief in themselves and treatment, it is p ossible to get their life back. Substance Abuse Substance abuse can occur at any time, during anyone’s life. No one is immune from it. Rich, poor, educated or uneducated, man or woman, any lifestyle can be affected. Some use recreational and not become addicted while others are more vulnerable to addiction. So why do people use drugs in the first place? It can be just curiosity, wanting to know how it feels to â€Å"get high,† to feel good about one s self, to excel in something like sportsShow MoreRelatedSubstance Abuse And Drug Addiction814 Words   |  4 PagesSubstance abuse and drug addiction affects people from all walks of life. Drugs are available to those who want to consume them. Even though there vast amounts of literature and other informative and preventive data, people still choose to abuse drugs. Unfortunately, most of them become addicts and find it very difficult to escape their addiction for the reason that underlying issues may be causing them to seek and use drugs. There exists a number of special populations that are identified and mayRead MoreAddiction And Substance Abuse : Drugs1021 Words   |  5 PagesNicolo Vitale Mrs. Martinez English 3 March 30, 2016 Addiction and Substance Abuse Addiction and substance abuse is a crime that has plagued the U.S. ever since the early 1900 s and from that point on has been an uphill battle for the U.S. to stop. But even with everything the U.S. has tried nothing that has been done has even made a dent in the drug war. Drugs just continue to hit the very streets that innocent people live on. Today people walk right outside their house and just around the cornerRead MoreSubstance Abuse, Drug Traffickers And Addicts On How Religion Can Help Individuals On Their Addictions2351 Words   |  10 PagesIn this paper I will be discussing religion, science, substance abuse, drug traffickers and addicts on how religion can help individuals on their addictions, and how clergy members need to have more training on substance abuse. In religion it has been known that the clergy members are not educated as they should be on substance abuse and because of this it becomes a problem (Califano, and Sheehan 8). Then within the health care providers and psychiatrists, the issue with them is that they doRead MoreThe Ethics of Drug Use and Drug Abuse1579 Words   |  6 PagesEthics of Drug Use and Drug Abuse For any professional working in the substance abuse treatment field, they will very likely come across situations and be presented with dilemmas relating to personal beliefs, judgments, and values. Drug or substance use and abuse have been a controversial and heated topic around the world for centuries. Drug abuse, in a way, is a facet of human culture that has been present for a great deal of human history in general. Every culture handles the issue of drug abuseRead MoreSubstance Abuse: Crisis Intervention1352 Words   |  5 Pages Substance abuse: Crisis intervention To the outsider, the lives of substance abusers often look like a series of crises waiting to happen. Often, the extent to which substance abuse is causing devastation in the life of the sufferer is more manifest to outsiders such as friends or relatives than the abuser him or herself. Crises relating to substance abuse may be biologically-related (such as a medical crisis brought about by abuse); legally related (a conviction for abusing an illegal drugRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Addiction On Children1506 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction When an individual is struggling with drug addiction problems, the family is affected physically, mentally, and emotionally. The disease not only changes the addict’s whole life, but it changes the lives of their family members as parents get torn apart from themselves and each other. The role of each family member begins to shape around what is in the best interest of the addict. This research paper is an overview of the effects that raising a drug addicted child has on parent’s ability toRead MoreAddiction : The Problem Of Addiction Essay1198 Words   |  5 PagesAddiction Students stroll in to class, their Venti iced soy vanilla lattes in hand rather than a notebook and pen. Keurig coffeemakers are commonplace in college dorm rooms. Colleges boast the number of Starbucks shops they have on campus. Just a month into the school year, and already many students’ bodies are becoming tolerant to caffeine, needing more and more of it to achieve the desired boost of energy, and if not given their fix, rebelling by causing headaches and irritability. Could itRead MoreEssay on Social Aspect of Substance Abuse1001 Words   |  5 PagesAddiction is a difficult disease that involves several different factors including biological, psychological and sociological aspects. Anderson (1997) states that substance use refers generally to the ingestion of illicit drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, opiates, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, PCP, amphetamines, etc. The use of illicit drugs, such as alcohol and nicotine, are less frequently included in this definition, despite their widespread use and undisputed potential for harm. Substance abuseRead MoreSubstance Abusers: A Vulnerable Population Essay840 Words   |  4 Pagesgoing to be describing the characteristics of substance abusers. Next, give the common health issue and needs. Then, give specific resources that Peoria have to offer. Finally, how substance abuse relates to Healthy People 2020. Overall, this will give one an overview of the vulnerable population such as substance abusers. Characteristics of the population Substance abuse is when a person want their mind to be altered with the use of drugs. Substance abuse affect all ages, race, religion, and incomeRead MoreSubstance Abuse And Its Effects On Society1285 Words   |  6 PagesSubstance abuse has existed since the start of civilization and it is an ever present entity in the modern era as well. Distilled beverages were the main drinking source in many cases even safer to drink than water in early civilizations, for instance during the Middle Ages. Many substances were also used in medicine derived from certain plants for anesthetics such as opioids from poppy seeds. In addition, nicotine and tobacco products and other hallucinogenic substances were used for recreational

Analysis Of O Brien - 868 Words

Similar to how Lieutenant Cross caries his Love for Martha, we to, carry our affection for our loved ones when faced with our daily obstacles. But as we are exempt from the stress of being deployed into combat away from the ones we love. During the story, O’Brien discusses the conflict between a normal, demilitarized way of living compared to the militarized warzone they were engulfed in, In Vietnam. The memories we carry can sometimes be taken for granted and can either serve as a positive passenger or a negative burden. The following will delve into the logic of what was carried during the Lieutenant Cross and his squad’s tour through Vietnam compared to a seemingly peaceful, way of living. When you consider world history, you’ll discover that we are living in the most peaceful era of all time. But that is not to say that the brothers War and Conflict do not show their face, as they do seldom. The things we carry outside of war is mostly to sustain our surviva l in a capitalist nation. Such as the tools for education, our jobs and bills. We also carry the responsibility to engage in entertaining and fun activities during our down times to sustain our sanity. Lastly, we carry the memories from all of those, which makes waking up daily worth it. Carrying over to the story, the things they carried were simply memoirs of their lives. Simple representations, whether it be memories or pantyhose, we cherish our past when we are faced with the possibility that we may not makeShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of O Brien s 1954 Words   |  8 Pagesdisorder, however, others still either do not believe in the diagnosis or believe that is rare and never seen. Coupled with that, another author published an article praising both O’Brien’s writing style and his use of real-life issues. He acknowledges â€Å"O Brien proves to be both a master of his craft and a writer engaged thoughtfully and emotionally with the big issues† (Bates). Bates confirms that O’Brien know what he is doing when he writes and that the topics in which he writes are relevant to societyRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Conan O Brien1235 Words   |  5 PagesFor the last 20 years, literally my entire adult life, I ve been a diehard fan of late night talk show host Conan O Brien. Not only did I watch the various iterations of his show throughout the years from Late Night, The Tonight Show, to CONAN religiously for most of that time, but I ve ventured across the country to see him live several times. In fact, just last year, I achieved one of my goals of personally meeting Conan and getting a picture with him. It happened after attending one of hisRead MoreAnalysis Of Tim O Brien s Love 768 Words   |  4 Pagesyou pay attention to the world. You make close friends. You become part of a tribe and you share the same blood- you give it together, you take it together. Serving in the Vietnam war was never easy for Tim O Brien, he had some ve ry interesting things that happened to him. Tim O Brien gained many friendships serving in the Vietnam war. He first became good friends with Lieutenant Jimmy Cross. In Love Tim goes to met Jimmy at his home in Massachusetts. They had talked about the events thatRead MoreAnalysis Of Tim O Brien s Love 768 Words   |  4 Pagesyou pay attention to the world. You make close friends. You become part of a tribe and you share the same blood- you give it together, you take it together. Serving in the Vietnam war was never easy for Tim O Brien, he had some very interesting things that happened to him. Tim O Brien gained many friendships serving in the Vietnam war. He first became good friends with Lieutenant Jimmy Cross. In Love Tim goes to met Jimmy at his home in Massachusetts. They had talked about the events thatRead MoreAnalysis Of The Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1202 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of What They Carried Loud explosions and small pings from distant rifle fire ring throughout the humid air. Short flashbacks are flooding back as sleep slowly seems so far away. Tim O’Brien, who was a Vietnam veteran, wrote several of stories about the war and the terrifying experiences that he was forced to have. One specific story is â€Å"The Things They Carried†. In this short story, he remembers what it was like to be a soldier; what his priorities were, the things he saw, and what stillRead MoreAnalysis Of The Unfinished Dance, By Margaret O Brien1723 Words   |  7 Pagesfamous ballerina when she throws the switch on the onstage trap door, causing the dancer to plummet to her career-ending doom. Is she dead? She broke her leg..... For a dancer, it is worse than death In The Unfinished Dance ( 1947 ), Margaret O Brien stars as Meg Merlin, the passionate little dancer who quickly becomes wracked with guilt for the dreadful deed she committed in haste. This orphaned child loves ballet and, particularly one ballerina - Ariane Bouchet ( Cyd Charisse ) whom she worshipsRead MoreAn Analysis Of Tim O Brien s Things They Carried1183 Words   |  5 Pagesand explain.† (41 O’brien ) O’Brien comments on his storytelling after Bowker sends him a letter asking if O’Brien can write the story of his feeling of frustration, disillusionment, and guilt about the death of Kiowa. Bowker’s letter motivates O Brien to write a story as a way to cope with the trauma they went through in the Vietnam War. O’Brien wrote this story in order to move past the trauma. In his story, O’brien makes up a lie that he killed a soldier by throwing a grenade at him. The reasonRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article The Naked Citadel By Ti m O Brien2045 Words   |  9 Pages Since being established in 1842 as a public military college, the Citadel was a college filled with many tradition and pride that seem to discriminate against female applicants. However, the Citadel’s way of accepting and admitting student has to be challenged at some point in time. In Susan Faludi’s essay, â€Å"The Naked Citadel†, Malcolm Gladwell’s essay, â€Å"The Power of Context†, Tim O’Brien’s essay, â€Å"How to Tell a True War Story†, the authors all came to the conclusion that the actions portrayedRead MoreAnalysis Of Matthew O Brien s The Strange Thing Essay1465 Words   |  6 PagesIt’s the highlight of any relationship. It’s a significant other getting down on one knee, to ask their special someone to spend forever with them. Usually a proposal is a happy surprise coupled with a ring that could pay off some college debt. Brand new engagement rings (not the ones from the maternal side that a great grandmother wore in her sixty years long marriage) can range in prices from a couple hundred, a couple thousand, or a couple million. A ring is absolutely a way to show how committedRead MoreAnalysis Of Tim O Brien s The Things They Carried Essay1574 Words   |  7 Pagesopposing parties. Today we re debating whether or not to ban â€Å"Tim O Brien s novel The Things They Carried. In this book author Tim O’Brien depicts the Vietnam conflict by distinguishing between the role of whether or not to be a civilian or a soldier. Though the book is fictional, Tim O’Brien portrays himself as a man who struggles with himself inside and his choice of wanting to join the army or turn tail and run to Canada. Tim O Brien has won the national book award, the james fenimore cooper prize

Cultivation Theory Local News Ryan Phillippi Free Essays

Cultivation Theory Local News Ryan Phillippi COM 249-004 9/25/12 An Annotated Bibliography 1. Romer, D. , Jamieson, K. We will write a custom essay sample on Cultivation Theory Local News Ryan Phillippi or any similar topic only for you Order Now H. , Aday, S. (2003). Television News and the Cultivation of Fear of Crime. Journal of Communication, 53, 88-104. This article goes into detail about how the public believes that violent crime is a widespread national problem in the US despite the declining trends in crime. The authors have a hypothesis that fear of crime is in part a by-product of exposure to crime-saturated local television news. Cultivation Theory is used to suggest that fear of crime is fueled in part by heavy exposure to violent dramatic programming on television. Exploration of a related hypothesis indicates that the Cultivation Theory’s predicted effects of television on the public are true. The authors use national surveys to support their research. 2. Lee, C. , Niederdeppe, J. (2011). Genre-Specific Cultivation Effects: Lagged Associations Between Overall TV Viewing, Local TV News Viewing, and Fatalistic Beliefs About Cancer Prevention. Communication Research, 38, 731-753. This article incorporates recent studies that have found that exposure to local television newscasts is associated with a variety of problematic â€Å"real-world† beliefs. These studies were controlled for a variety of demographic characteristics and media use variables. A two-wave national representative survey is analyzed to know the correlation between local TV news viewing and fatalistic beliefs about cancer. Analyses provide evidence that local TV news viewing predicts increased fatalistic beliefs about cancer. 3. Kahlor, L. , Eastin, M. S. (2011). Television’s Role in the Culture of Violence Toward Women: A Study of Television Viewing and the Cultivation of Rape Myth Acceptance in the United States. Journal of Broadcasting Electronic Media, 55, 215-231 This article approaches cultivation from a feminist prospective that recognized television as a source of cultural norms embedded in a culture of violence towards women. Results show that general television consumption significantly relates to rape myth beliefs among men and women. Also, there is a negative relationship between crime-show viewing and rape myth cceptance. Crime-show viewing directly correlates to the overestimation of false rape accusations. 4. Morgan, M. , Shanahan, J. (2010). The State of Cultivation. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 54, 337-355. This article investigates television’s contributions to viewers’ conceptions of social reality. This article reviews the history of cultivation theory and takes stock of recent trend s within the field. Changing media is contributing to the future prospects for cultivation research. This article will mainly be used to introduce cultivation theory to the reader. . Appel, M. (2008). Fictional Narratives Cultivate Just-World Beliefs. Journal of Communication, 58, 62-83. This article identifies several misrepresentations on television and shows that the more television people watch, the more their beliefs correspond to the television world. Fictional narratives are believed to be powerful in changing audience beliefs. While local news is not fictional, many of the stories may not be local and can still change the beliefs of the local audience. The general amount of television viewing positively relates to mean-world and scary-world beliefs. How to cite Cultivation Theory Local News Ryan Phillippi, Essay examples

Hotel Magnificent Strategic Vision-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Hotel Magnificent Strategic Vision. Answer: Introduction Services act as a key to satisfy customers especially in the hospitality sector. Key strategic vision for any hotel is to delivery services of highest possible quality through its employees(Heskett J. L., 2010). Hotel Magnificent is aimed at providing high quality customer services through a varied type of strategic objectives. The hotel present as a chain hotel throughout world offers one of the best quality services in Australia. In order to attract its customers, its pool of services varies across lodging, restaurant, child care facilities, conferences, spa and so on and so forth. Lodging facility offered by the hotel is exclusive in itself for attracting large number of customers. Heksetts model of quality service delivery has been accommodated in order that appropriate service blueprint can easily be understood. Services are further customized in a way such that it can easily meet needs of its customers(Theoharakis, 2009). Hence, it can easily be understood that service delivery systems acts as a key to its operational strategy. The scope of this report identifies the services blue print for appropriate operational strategy such that high quality services can be rendered. The hotel implements appropriate service employee management such that it can incorporate quality measures in its chain. Such strategies allow the hotel overcome any sort of challenges faced across its chain and offer high quality of services to its customers(Evanschitzky, 2012). Operating Strategy According to Heksett operational strategy can be best developed by means of aiming at profitability and success for the business. Such profitability can easily be enhanced by means of investing into employees capabilities. Thus, human resource development is the key to attending customer satisfaction(Chi, 2009). The model depicted below reflects the importance of operations as a means or part to obtain customer satisfaction, value and loyalty. Marketing is another crucial factor that can help attract customers by showing the value that will be derived in utilization of the services of the hotel. It can be identified that Hotel Magnificent needs to attract its customers by way of marketing activities and then implement its operational strategy by appropriate training and development of human resources for attaining profitability(Essawi, 2012). The key elements in the model leads to the Service Management Trinity of Human Resources, Marketing and Operations as highlighted below. Figure 1: Heksett's Model A Service Management Trinity comprises of Operations, Marketing and Human Resources as being the key elements of service delivery that are closely related to each other. Operations, marketing and Human Resources are key sources that can help yield high levels of profitability to the hotel chain. The concept aims at reducing conflicts that are offered by the three separate disciplines of management. While operations aims at reducing costs of services that are offered to customers, marketing aims at attracting customers through various advertisements and other endeavors(Fazlzadeh, 2012). Sole aim of marketing activities is to increase profitability of the hotel. Human Resources needs to focus on operations such that customer satisfaction can be increased and attended to. These departments needs to work closely with one another for aiming at appropriate results. Figure 2: Service Management Trinity Marketing: Marketing department needs to evaluate appropriate market segments that it aims to serve. As target market analysis has been undertaken previously according to Heksetts model needs focus on strategic service vision. The Hotel will aim to service areas in Sydney, though it will attract customers from around the world(Heskett J. L., 2010). It will also research key customer needs and preferences within the segment. As in Sydney the hotel needs to offer its services at affordable rates, but with appropriate monitoring of competitive offerings and identifying principal characteristics as their quality and strategic levels. Post which the hotel has designed its services to cater to its targeted segment. Operations: The hotel has selected supplementary elements for increasing value appeals of core service of the hotel which comprises of lodging. The hotel has designed its lodging and restaurant services such that customer needs and preferences are appropriately reflected(Heskett J. L., 2008). Prices are set according that reflects competitive price levels. The hotel has also adopted communication strategy with its customers by means of social media sites for transmitting messages, promoting advantages of services rendered. Human Resource: The hotel has been able to achieve tremendous amounts of success due to its employees. It has already fixed employee performance standards for establishing of appropriate service quality levels. There are programs that rewards its employees for their loyalty as well(Hong, 2013). This establishes that marketing and human resources function in services is closely interrelated and dependent upon each other. Service Blueprint Service blueprint consists of a technique that is commonly used for service design and innovation. A service blueprint is necessarily an applied process chart for service delivery processes that reflects customers perspective(Geum, 2011). It is a tool that is utilized by the hotel for managing of service operations, service positioning and service design. A service blueprint consists of an input process and output methodology. Some elements of service blueprints are Customer Actions, Front-stage, Back-stage including visible contact employee, support processes, physical evidences, inventory and line of visibility. Description of key elements of service blueprint of the hotel are discussed below(Lee, 2015). Figure 3: Service Blueprint The two key elements of service blueprint includes; Customer Actions: These include procedures that customers take as a part for the service delivery process. Customers provide valuable inputs though this process as they come to the hotel to avail valuable services. A customer first makes a booking at the hotel and then finally arrives at the reception to avail the services at the hotel(Bitner, 2008). While checking in customer provides inputs regarding the facilities they will be requiring while staying at the hotel. Every input obtained from customer needs to be accommodated for developing services in a better manner. Such will allow meeting of specific objectives aimed at attaining of customer satisfaction, through service process improvisation. Operational efficiency needs to be also aimed through customer actions to provide voluminous outputs to large number of customers. Front-stage (Visible contact Employee Actions): These include procedures taken by contact employees as an endeavor for face-to-face service encounter(HESKETT, 2012). At the hotel staffs are continuously interacting with customers right from their entry into the hotel till such time, they leave the hotel and provide good feedback. Employees are the front end personnel, who are continuously striving to deliver key services and meet customer satisfaction levels. More the attention provided to individual customers, better the quality of services rendered. The hotel needs to obtain detailed and descriptive inputs regards to service feedback such that they can improvise on any aspect of it as food, behaviour, cleanliness, support and several other parameters on which staffs will be ranked(Larivire, 2008). The Service Delivery System Operational strategy for service delivery system needs to aim at quality services such that customer satisfaction levels can be enhanced. For any service delivery system key procedural techniques needs to be developed(Maritz, 2008). The service delivery system at the hotel needs to be integrated such that key functionality are catered to customers in an enhanced manner to increased customer satisfaction rates. Nature of the service process at each step: For conforming to enhanced quality in services at every step that interacts with customers need to be clearly understood. With rising competition and demand for exclusive range of services it becomes pertinent to evaluate the possibilities for high levels of service delivery. At each and every step beginning customer entry at the hotel, each service point needs to be adequately evaluated and catered to. Serving protocol reservations system: The hotel will first take online booking for its rooms(Fitzsimmons, 2008). It will keep 20% of its rooms for urgent booking, for customers first come and first serve basis. Reservation system will entirely be depended on online booking, where customers will be given maximum discounts. Capacity management issues: During peak seasons the hotel is likely to face capacity management issues that can lead to possible crisis. With multiple guests coming into the hotel, there might be management issues that needs to get dealt with(Yee, 2011). Hence, during such peak seasons, the hotel will employ contractual employees to deal with additional flow of customers. Service Employee Management Employee is the key to deliver high quality services at any hotel. Hence, for attaining competitive edge it becomes crucial to attract and recruit employees who can render the organisation competitive advantages(Heskett J. L., 2008). The hotel will integrate several employee engagement strategies as training and development to attain goals of the organisation. Further, recruiting and selecting appropriately trained employee who has expertise to deliver services in the hotel industry can help it gain positive feedback from customers. Employee management is the key factor that can render competitiveness in the service sector as hotel industry and create a niche for the hotel. The HR manager at the hotel will be responsible for attending to employee related issues and in managing customer complaints or grievances. Through service processes delivery systems, the organisation will aim to attend to each and every step of employee management and handling(Heskett J. L., 2010). Thus, through employee training, they will be motivated which will result in higher motivation for the employee which will in turn affect higher productivity, ultimately leading to customer satisfaction. Quality management measures Heksett model primarily aimed to drive business profitability by means of engaging in improvisation of service quality. The focus of the model was to target and attain key measures in service quality such that business overall profitability can easily be driven. The model analyses key business relationships such that high levels of profits and sales margins can easily be derived. Applying the model in the hotel business, it can be said that the hotel needs to include several business measures. Business measures includes training and empowering of employees, employee satisfaction rates and competence, service delivery systems, customer satisfaction rates, customer loyalty rates which will eventually lead to high sales and profits turnovers. The above identified measures are regarded as the key business drivers that can help attend high levels of profitability and in turn customer satisfaction. Customer attraction can also be regarded as a parameter that will be easily attained through this model. Hence, the hotel management needs to focus on developing parameters or measures for identifying and increasing these key aspects in businesses. Customer satisfaction is associated with past present and future expectation in quality. Customer satisfaction can be achieved with mediocre quality, in case they have low satisfaction expectations. Similarly customer can be dissatisfied even if overall service quality is good, this is the case when service quality is priced at high rates. This model hence focuses on strengthening of business relationships. Customer loyalty is integral for hotel business due to high costs associated with acquiring of new customers and switching costs. Customer relationship can terminate due to multitude of factors hence they needs to be evaluated and reduced substantially. As customer loyalty has direct impact on profitability, metrics determined above needs to be catered to and KPIs (Key performance Indicators) needs to be developed. Such KPI w ill have various scores according to industry standards which can be strived for to achieve and exceed them such that organisations profitability and sustainability can be maintained. Employee can deliver long-term potential impacts on customers as well as the business, hence they are considered to be long-term potential drivers of revenue. Conclusion Analysis of above service quality related aspects of hotel business reveals the importance of quality in driving profitability. While service quality cannot alone be enhanced, there are various parameters of them attached to services that are recognized. Employee management and customer feedback has been regarded as integral factors that can drive high levels of quality within the organisation. Employees acts as a crucial point of delivery of service quality that can easily impact customer satisfaction rates. Hence, identifying various elements in the service blueprint, employee empowerment and developing their competence is regarded as key factors for driving quality. Organisations hence needs to involve themselves in various employee related programs such that superior customer satisfaction can be achieved. Reference Lists Bitner, M. O. 2008. Service blueprinting: a practical technique for service innovation. California management review, 66-94. Chi, C. G. 2009. Employee satisfaction, customer satisfaction, and financial performance: An empirical examination. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 245-253. Essawi, M. 2012. The Value Confrontation Leadership Model. . BOOK REVIEW, 73. Evanschitzky, H. W. 2012. Perils of managing the service profit chain: The role of time lags and feedback loops. Journal of Retailing, 356-366. Fazlzadeh, A. F. 2012. A Survey on the Effect of Service Delivery System on Corporate Performance Using Service Profit Chain Model. International Journal of Business and Management, 161. Fitzsimmons, J. A. 2008. Service management: Operations, strategy, and information technology. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Geum, Y. a. 2011. Designing the sustainable product-service integration: a product-service blueprint approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 1601-1614. HESKETT, J. . 2012. Models of developing design capacity: Perspective from China. LEADING THROUGH DESIGN, 225. Heskett, J. L. 2008. Putting the service-profit chain to work. Harvard business review. Heskett, J. L. 2008. The Ownership Quotient: putting the service profit chain to work for unbeatable competitive advantage. . Harvard Business Press. Heskett, J. L. 2010. The service profit chain. In Handbook of service science (pp. 19-29). Springer US. Heskett, J. L. 2010. The Value Profit Chain: Treat Employees Like Customers and Customers Like. Simon and Schuster. Hong, Y. L. 2013. Missing link in the service profit chain: A meta-analytic review of the antecedents, consequences, and moderators of service climate. Larivire, B. 2008. Linking perceptual and behavioral customer metrics to multiperiod customer profitability: A comprehensive service-profit chain application. Journal of Service Research, 3-21. Lee, C. W. 2015. Service design for intelligent parking based on theory of inventive problem solving and service blueprint. . Advanced Engineering Informatics, 295-306. Maritz, A. . 2008. Implementation of service profit chain initiatives in a franchise system. Journal of Services Marketing, 13-23. Theoharakis, V. S. 2009. The strategic role of relational capabilities in the business-to-business service profit chain. . Industrial Marketing Management, 914-924. Yee, R. W. 2011. The service-profit chain: An empirical analysis in high-contact service industries. International Journal of Production Economics, 236-245.

Hiroshima Essays - Atomic Bombings Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki

Hiroshima On August 6, 1945, a B-29 bomber named Enola Gay dropped an atomic bomb, little boy on Hiroshima, Japan. Hiroshima had been almost eradicated with an estimated 70-80,000 people killed. Three days later, a second, more powerful bomb was dropped on the Japanese city of Nagasaki, killing over 100,000 people. Since Japan was economically and militarily devastated by the late summer of 1945, the use of the atomic bombs on an already overcome Japan was unnecessary and unwarranted in bringing about a conclusion to the war in the Pacific. By the end of the war, the U.S. forces had pushed the Japanese far back into their country, leaving them no access to any

Free Essays on Voltaires Candide Analyzed

CANDIDE Candide was a true believer in Pangloss’ theory that all was well in the world. â€Å"Pangloss proved admirably that there is no effect without a cause and that in this best of all possible worlds†¦things cannot be otherwise for since everything is made for an end, everything is necessarily for the best end. Observe that noses were made to wear spectacles; and so we have spectacles. Legs were visibly instituted to be breeched, and we have breeches.†(p.4) Even though these ideas can be considered illogical in real life. Candide and the rest of the people living in the Baron’s castle never questioned the validity of Pangloss’ philosophy. Maybe their conformity was due to a lack of experience, the belief at the time that doctors and philosophers were always right, or obvious but inconsistent truths like â€Å"The Baron was one of the most powerful lords in Westphalia, for his castle possessed a door and windows†. Although it was obvious that ! the Baron was powerful, the doors and windows of his castle have nothing to do with the Baron’s power. Candide was obviously naà ¯ve, but so were most of the characters in the story, since they didn't bother to question Pangloss' philosophy either. Voltaire was not writing this story for the sole purpose of entertainment. It is obvious that Voltaire was also trying to make readers reflect on their own beliefs so that they might see their hypocrisy. â€Å"All is well in the world† could have referred to the mindset of the people living sheltered from the real world, such as the clergy and higher class. As the story continues, Candide finds out that all is not well in the world. The first event that Candide encountered should have been proof enough that all was not well in the world. Voltaire uses an Ironic approach when talking about the war. When Candide had been wondering the streets after getting kicked out of the Baron’s castle, two men came up to him and asked him if he was ... Free Essays on Voltaire's Candide Analyzed Free Essays on Voltaire's Candide Analyzed CANDIDE Candide was a true believer in Pangloss’ theory that all was well in the world. â€Å"Pangloss proved admirably that there is no effect without a cause and that in this best of all possible worlds†¦things cannot be otherwise for since everything is made for an end, everything is necessarily for the best end. Observe that noses were made to wear spectacles; and so we have spectacles. Legs were visibly instituted to be breeched, and we have breeches.†(p.4) Even though these ideas can be considered illogical in real life. Candide and the rest of the people living in the Baron’s castle never questioned the validity of Pangloss’ philosophy. Maybe their conformity was due to a lack of experience, the belief at the time that doctors and philosophers were always right, or obvious but inconsistent truths like â€Å"The Baron was one of the most powerful lords in Westphalia, for his castle possessed a door and windows†. Although it was obvious that ! the Baron was powerful, the doors and windows of his castle have nothing to do with the Baron’s power. Candide was obviously naà ¯ve, but so were most of the characters in the story, since they didn't bother to question Pangloss' philosophy either. Voltaire was not writing this story for the sole purpose of entertainment. It is obvious that Voltaire was also trying to make readers reflect on their own beliefs so that they might see their hypocrisy. â€Å"All is well in the world† could have referred to the mindset of the people living sheltered from the real world, such as the clergy and higher class. As the story continues, Candide finds out that all is not well in the world. The first event that Candide encountered should have been proof enough that all was not well in the world. Voltaire uses an Ironic approach when talking about the war. When Candide had been wondering the streets after getting kicked out of the Baron’s castle, two men came up to him and asked him if he was ...

MARKETING COMMUNICATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

MARKETING COMMUNICATION - Essay Example The process of creating, maintaining and enhancing strong, value –laden relationship with customers and stakeholder’s {Kolter et al 1999, p11}.The development of on-going (and, if possible, constantly deepening and improving) relationship, as opposed to one –off transaction. A key principle is to extend the duration, or lifetime, of a customer’s purchasing relationship with the firm, and therefore to maximise their ‘‘life time value† that is, the future flow of net profit arising from the relationship. Transactions are single exchanges between an organisation and customer: a single market exchange in the form of a purchase {goods exchange of information or influence (such as an offer and a response). The focus of transaction marketing(TM) is to look to each transaction or encounter as an opportunity to maximise short term gain, without necessarily considering future contacts, or the effect of this transaction on the potential for future contacts. At its worst, transactional marketing can be seen as manipulative or exploitative approach (Egan, 2004).it has been recognized that: transaction marketing is inadequate to cope with today’s business environment. A focus on single transaction fails to leverage the potential inherent in the customer base, and other relationship, to add value for the organisation and for the customer. E.g., it fails to gather on-going customer feedback which could be used to refine marketing strategy Relationship marketing intentionally aims to retain customers (keep them purchasing repeatedly over time) and foster customer loyalty (create a favorable attitude or bias which drives repeat purchase). Research by Fredrick Reichheld, a management consultant at Brain & co, found that a high correlation between customer retention and company profitability: retained customers are more profitable than new customer for several reasons. Is an interactive approach which builds a database of all communications and

Write two summaries of those two articles Article

Write two summaries of those two articles - Article Example The concept of ‘agency costs’ pertains as to how the owner of a firm structures and manages the respective incentives and compensations so as to encourage the managers to resort to such decisions, which add to the owners interests, in a monitoring scenario vulnerable to uncertainty and imperfection. The article defines agency costs as the monitoring cost incurred by an owner to restrain a manager from harming one’s interests, the resources spent by the manager to assure compliance with the owner’s interests, and the remnant losses. The theory propounded in this paper tends to explain an array of financial questions related to the issuance of preferred stocks, promulgation of audit reports and soliciting the services of auditors by managers, imposition of restrictions on firms by lenders and endorsements of such restrictions by borrowing firms, the choice of capital sources preferred by varied industries, etc. This article happens to be completely theoretical in its scope, methodology, and totally relies on mathematical models to propound a generalized ‘agency theory’. This article presents the finding that the separation of the actual management and ownership in any firm does always lead to the incurring of agency costs. The quantum of these agency costs will proportionally depend on the cost incurred by an owner if one does away with the manager concerned. The kind and magnitude of agency costs also depend on the types of monitoring costs accrued by an owner, the predilection of the concerned managers for monetary or non monetary gains, and the existence of such managers having the ability to maintain a total financial stake in any venture. The agency costs may be nil if an owner does not incur any monitoring costs. Agency costs may again be nil when a manager bears a complete financial stake in the venture one manages. Besides, in a debt scenario the nature and magnitude of agency costs will

Wiki Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wiki - Essay Example A number of reasons for businesses to invest in healthy foods in the article include building relations and stronger connections with customers and communities respectively, as demonstrated by Wal-Mart. Disney, Walgreens, and other restaurants have made changes towards healthy foods through reducing sodium, eliminating junk foods, and cutting on fat and calorie content. The fact that businesses will stand to benefit from this arrangement is the reasoning behind the call for them to invest and expand provision o healthy food to meet the cause of their bottom-line while increasing the heath standards in America and consequently reducing obesity rates. The other reason is the need to reduce obesity and health related illnesses whose costs are also borne by businesses indirectly through lower productivity, absenteeism, and directly through payment of hospitalization bills. The other reason behind the call for businesses to venture into healthy food business is the costs they have to bear from the impacts of obesity and health related illnesses. The result of measures to promote healthy living by different people in society is 13% reduction in obesity rates of elementary school-aged kids in Mississippi, fall in obesity rates in New York, Philadelphia, and California. However, the goal is far from accomplished, and businesses are challenged to give â€Å"American families better information and healthier choices†. Obesity being a universal theme, Dhruv Khullar writes on availability of junk foods cheaply than healthy foods and measures to reverse the trend in â€Å"Why Shame won’t stop obesity†. Khullar (2012) explores high availability of â€Å"high-fat, high-calorie, and low nutrient foods†, as the main causes of increased obesity and associated diseases in America. He delves into the issue of obesity advertising and shaming

Explosion In The British Petroleum Texas City Refinery Commerce Essay

Explosion In The British Petroleum Texas City Refinery Commerce Essay The explosion and fires incident in the British Petroleum Texas City refinery on 23 March, 2005 has been described and reviewed in this assignment. Investigation report revealed that the incident occurred during the startup of an isomerization (ISOM) process unit. It was reported that this incident resulted in huge impact on BP Company and its stakeholders. The impact of the incident has been critically commended with the support of several data. Fatalities and injuries on nearby trailers, onsite and offsite damage, post-incident emergency response, and economic losses were the major consequences of the explosion. Causes of the incident have been also examined in order to improve BP performance. Organizational and process safety inadequate was the major blame for the incident. Recommendations which may improve BP situation and help to avoid hazardous incident have been provided throughout the assignment. The improvement on process safety culture, organizational changes such as merger and acquisition, budget cutting and employees training at all levels, as well as the enforcement of more effective safety management systems have been suggested to improve BP performance. Lastly, a safe trailer placement policy has been proposed to avoid the risk of similar incident. British Petroleum Company and Texas City Refinery Background The British Petroleum (BP) refinery in Texas City, Texas is the third largest oil refinery plant in the U.S. On Wednesday, 23 March 2005 at 1:20p.m, an explosion and fires happened at the BP refinery in Texas City, Texas, 30 miles southeast of Houston. The BP refinery in Texas City has the great impact on the overall gasoline supply in the U.S. This oil refinery has the capability to produce about 10 million gallons of gasoline per day. This amount of production makes up about 2.5% of the gasoline sold in the U.S. Apart from producing gasoline, this BP refinery also produces diesel fuels, jet fuels, and chemical feed stocks. There are 29 oil refinery units and 4 chemical units cover its 1,200 acre plant. In BP refinery in Texas City, BP employs about 1,800 employees. While the explosion and fires occurred, about 800 contractor workers were onsite carrying turnaround activities. The site has had several alters in management at both the corporate and refinery stages from its commission ing to the date of the explosion incident (Kaszniak Holmstrom, 2008; U.S Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB), 2005). Incident Description On 23 March, 2005, explosion and fires in BP Texas City refinery occurred during the startup of an isomerization (ISOM) process unit (Figure 1). On that morning, the raffinate splitter tower in the refinerys ISOM unit was restarted after it had been shut down for maintenance. During the startup of a section of the ISOM unit, flammable liquid hydrocarbons were pumped into a distillation tower for more than 3 hours without any liquid being removed by operations worker. This action was opposing to startup procedure instructions. The false signal provided by control instrumentation and critical alarms failed to alert the operator workers of the high level in the tower. As a result, unidentified by the operations worker, the distillation tower was overfilled and flammable liquid hydrocarbons overflowed into the overhead pipe at the top of the tower (Kaszniak Holmstrom, 2008; U.S CSB, 2005). As the overhead pipe filled with liquid hydrocarbons, the pressure at the bottom rose rapidly and resulted in the three emergency relief valves which used to protect the tower from high pressure opened for six minutes. A large quantity of liquid hydrocarbons then flowed from the discharge of safety relief valves to a blowdown drum with a vent stack open to the atmosphere. The blowdown drum and stack speedily overfilled with flammable liquid hydrocarbons, which resulted in geyser-like release out the 113-foot tall stacks (Figure 2) (Kaszniak Holmstrom, 2008; U.S CSB, 2005). According to CSB final report (2005), this blowdown system was a hazardous and outdated design. As the liquid hydrocarbons fell to the ground, some of the volatile liquid evaporated to form a flammable vapor cloud. The explosion and fires happened when the flammable vapor cloud was ignited most likely by an idling diesel truck positioned approximately 25 feet from the blowdown drum. The vapor cloud arrived at a wi de area which is evident by the burned area as shown in Figure 3 (U.S CSB, 2005). Figure 1. Raffinate section of isomerization ISOM process unit (U.S CSB, 2005) Figure 2. Raffinate splitter tower overfills and blowdown drum releases flammable liquid hydrocarbons to the atmosphere (U.S CSB, 2005) Figure 3. A post-explosion photo shows the burned area in and around the ISOM unit had the most severe fire damage while the red arrow points to the top of the blowdown stack (U.S CSB, 2005). Causes of Incident There are several key findings as the causes of this incident occurred in BP Texas City refinery after an investigation was conducted by BPs investigation team which coordinated with CSB, the U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and the Texas Commission of Environmental Quality (TCEQ). The causes of the incidents are summarized as below, The BP board of Directors did not propose effective safety culture and major accident prevention programs. There were no member in charge of measuring and verifying the performance of BPs major accident hazard preventive programs (U.S CSB, 2005). Risk blindness (The Economists, 2006). For instance, BP did not take effective actions to halt the growing risk of a catastrophic event although several fatalities occurred in BP Texas City refinery prior to this incident (U.S CSB, 2005). BP was too much focused on the low personal injury rate at Texas City while the process safety management and safety culture had severe insufficiency (U.S CSB, 2005) Inadequate in BPs mechanical integrity program. This led to the failure of the process unit in BP Texas City refinery (U.S CSB, 2005). Overzealous cost-cutting strategies (Economist, 2006; Marketline, 2007a; U.S CSB, 2005). According to CSB final report (2005), BP Group executive managers had expenses cuts in the 6 years resulting in the Texas City disaster without measuring their impact on safety of the site (Economist, 2007; Process Engineering, 2007). The blowdown drum and the relief valve disposal piping were undersized and the relief valve system safety study was 13 years overdue (Process Engineering, 2007; US CSB, 2005). ISOM operators had been overstretched (Economist, 2007; US CSB, 2005). Insufficient in BPs operator training program (US. CSB, 2005). Impact of Incident on BP Company and its Stakeholders Explosion and fires in BP Texas City refinery resulted in several negative effects on BP Company and its stakeholders. Those effects include casualties and injuries, facility and equipment damage, offsite damage, post-incident emergency response and economic losses (US CSB, 2005). Stakeholders of BP who had been affected by this incident were as below, BP Company and its employees Employees of contracting firms which include Jacobs Engineering Group (J.E. Merit), Fluor Corp. and General Electric Co. Families of dead victims and injured workers in this incident Texas community Texas City BP stockholders The U.S citizens who use crude oil Casualties and injuries In the incident, it was reported that 15 contract employees of J.E. Merit, Fluor Corp. and General Electric Co. were killed and a total of 180 employees in the refinery were injured (U.S CSB, 2005). Investigation report revealed that those 15 casualties were due to the explosions impact on the nearby temporary office trailers where employees were having meetings. Of the 15 casualties, 11 of them were employees of Jacobs, Pasadena, Calif, which was contractor in BPs Texas City refinery. The 11 dead Jacobs workers include several managers, administrators and 4 female craft workers. 3 of the victims were employees of Fluor, Aliso Viejo, Calif, was contractor provided maintenance management services at the plant since 2001. The remaining contractor victim was employee of General Electric Co. whereas no BP employee was killed in the incident. Blunt force trauma, which most likely resulting from being hit by structural components of the trailers was the cause of the all 15 casualties. Duri ng the incident, there were approximately 2,200 contract employees and 1,100 BP employees working at the refinery plant. Table 1 shows the details of the 15 dead contractor employees (Powers Rubin, 2005; US CSB, 2005). Company Name Age Position J.E Merit Glenn V. Bolton 50 Planner-scheduler J.E Merit Lorena Lori G. Cruz 32 Instrument fitter-helper J.E Merit Morris R. King 57 Construction manager J.E Merit Arthur G. Ramos 59 Quality control technician J.E Merit Ryan Rodriquez 28 Craft superintendent J.E Merit James W. Rowe 48 Civil superintendent J.E Merit Linda M. Rowe 47 Tool room assistant J.E Merit Kimberly A. Smith 43 Field administrator J.E Merit Susan D. Taylor 33 Pipe fitter helper J.E Merit Larry S. Thomas 63 Project superintendent J.E Merit Eugene White 53 Safety supervisor Fluor Corp. Rafael Herrera 27 Quality control inspector Fluor Corp. Daniel Hogan 58 Quality control inspector Fluor Corp. Jimmy Hunnings 58 Quality control inspector General Electric Co. Larry Linsenbardt 58 Title not disclosed Table 1. Contractor employees who died in the incident (Powers Rubin, 2005) Additionally, 180 employees at the plant were injured, 66 of the victims had serious injuries and most of them were suffered multiple injuries. It was reported that lacerations, fractures, sprains, strains, punctures and second-and third degree burns were the typical combination of injuries occurred on victims. Those seriously injured had leave for works, medical treatment or constrained work activity. Of the 66 workers with serious injuries, 14 were BP employees while the others were contractor workers from 13 different firms. Moreover, report revealed that 114 employees were given first aid during the incident. Of those who were given first aid, 35 were BP employees while the rest were contract employees from 14 different contracting firms (U.S. CSB, 2005). Facility and equipment damage According to CSB final report (2005), the place within the ISOM unit which caused explosion, nearby trailer area, the adjacent catalyst warehouse as shown in Figure 4 and the adjacent parking areas suffered the most severe blast damage. The nearby metal warehouse which used to store catalyst and the satellite control room were heavily damaged (Powers Rubin, 2005; U.S CSB, 2005). Figure 4. Nearby trailers that sited west of the blowdown drum (pointed by red arrow) were destroyed (U.S CSB, 2005). Furthermore, it was found that about 70 vehicles surrounding the ISOM unit were damaged and numerous vehicles were destroyed (U.S CSB, 2005). Moreover, a total of 44 trailers sustained heavy damaged (Figure 5) and 13 trailers were totally destroyed by the blast pressure wave that propagated through the plant when the explosion and fires happened. Report also disclosed that a number of workers were injured in trailers as far as 479-foot away from the explosion (Kaszniak Holmstrom, 2008; U.S CSB, 2005). Additionally, adjacent buildings also were damaged by the blast pressure. The damage level on building was not as severe as those occurred on trailers. The damage on surrounding buildings included damaged doors, cracked walls, and broken windows, scattering of interior contents, damaged roofs and bent metal panels. Also, the explosion also damaged a total of 50 storage tanks although most tank farm was located more than 250-foot away from the ISOM unit. The damage on tanks included distorted tank shells, both the shell sides and the roofs. A number of tanks utilized to hold hazardous substances like benzene were found being damaged as well and this resulted in the hazardous substances vapors escaped to atmosphere (U.S. CSB, 2005). Offsite Damage CSB report disclosed that not only the buildings in the refinery were damaged but windows of some houses and business buildings which situated north of the refinery were broken as well. These damaged offsite buildings were located up to 3 quarters of mile away from the explosion (U.S CSB, 2005). Figure 5. Trailers in the vicinity of the ISOM unit were heavily damaged (Occupational Hazards, 2005). Post-Incident Emergency Response The emergency response teams in Texas City were one of the BP stakeholders affected by this BP refinery explosion. These emergency teams provided effective and rapid assistance for the injured people and recovered the fatalities. Texas City Industrial Mutual Aid System (IMAS) member companies helped with search and rescue and fire hose lines (U.S CSB, 2005) Economic Losses BP has set aside approximately $2 billion in compensation repairs, payouts and lost profit for settlement of the incident (Marketline, 2007a). According to The Justice Department and US Environment Protection Agency (EPA), in order to resolve Clean Air Act violations in Texas City refinery, BP Products North America has spent over $161 million after the explosion to control pollution in Texas City, improved monitoring and maintenance and enhanced its internal management practices in Texas City refinery. EPA also reported that $12 million was paid by BP on civil penalty and $6 million was spent on a supplemental project to decrease air pollution in Texas. For settlement issues, BP also converted 100 diesel public vehicles to vehicles that operate using liquefied or compressed natural gas in order to reduce the hazardous emissions like hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. Besides that, BP agreed to build 4 refueling stations for those converted public vehicles (Marketl ine, 2009). It was also reported that BP faced penalties with $92,000 from The US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for violations in the Texas City refinery (Marketline, 2007b). Moreover, to compensate the victims in the explosion, BP has incurred $1.6 billion (Economist, 2007). Likewise, BP faced reduction in its fourth quarter profit in 2006 due to the huge expenses on safety and integrity investments after the incident. It was reported that BPs fourth quarter profit fell 12% when compared to the last 3 quarters of 2005. Although BP achieved record profit for 2006; BP lagged behind that of its UK competitor Shell (Marketline, 2007c). BPs share price also trailed its rivals like Americans Exxon Mobil in 2006 (Economist, 2007). Recommendations Some recommendations to improve BP situation have been proposed after accessing the causes of the incident. Safety culture recommendation and trailer siting recommendation have been suggested to BP Company as follow, Safety culture recommendation Improve and emphasis more on process safety culture and performance through: Increase spending on safety assessment and maintenance Appoint an expert on safety management systems for at least 5 years to examine the safety progress in BP refineries. Incorporate process safety into management decision making at all levels Promote improved process safety through education and training employees at all levels Construct organizational changes that may improve process safety which include: Main organizational changes in refinery, for instance through mergers and acquisitions Policies changes like cost cutting and ensure consistency of policies Employees changes such as changes in staff experience and hire more workers to avoid work overloads. Reinforce safety management systems through enforcement of more valuable and effective programs, for instance: Mechanical integrity programs Risk management and analysis programs and Errors reporting and investigation programs Trailers siting recommendation Develop a novel trailers placement policy which contains practices to ensure the safe siting of trailers as below, Protect occupied trailers from accident exposure, for example, explosion pressure and heat Set up minimum safe distance requirements for trailer siting where is away from dangerous zones of process plants Assess the relocated trailers placement via novel risk analysis methodology Conclusion The explosion and fires occurred in BP Texas City refinery in 2005 resulted in huge impact on BP Company and its stakeholders. The effects of the incident included casualties and injuries which 15 contract employees were killed and 180 employees in the plant were injured, facility and equipment in the plant were damaged or destroyed, offsite houses and business buildings were damaged, assistance from emergency response teams in Texas City and economic losses. BP had has paid about $2 billion to compensate the repairs, payouts and lost profits and about $1.6 billion to compensate the victims. Moreover, BP was fined by EPA and OSHA for violations in Texas City refinery. BPs Q4 profit in 2006 also faced declination due to the explosion in Texas City refinery. The profit reduction not only affected BP Company but also BP stockholders. The incident also resulted in the financial performance of BP lagged behind its competitors. As part of settlement, BP also agreed to convert 100 diesel pu blic vehicles to vehicles that operate using liquefied or compressed natural gas. Furthermore, the incident has vast impact on the overall gasoline supply in the U.S as the gasoline production of this oil refinery makes up about 2.5% of the gasoline sold in the U.S. Safety culture recommendation and trailer siting recommendation have been given to improve BP situation. Even though compliance with practices in policies does not guarantee on avoidance of hazardous incident, non-compliance undoubtedly increases the risks. Also, enforcement of effective safety management systems is essential in all companies. Last but not least, employees safety training at all levels are very important to prevent the major incidents.

Essay --

Eileen Furnish Soc 343 Assignment #1 2/15/2014 The women I decided to interview is my boyfriend’s great-aunt Mary J. Spletter. I selected Mary J. Spletter because she has inspired and helped guide women through breast cancer. I also selected her because at the age of 25 she was diagnosed with breast cancer and she still remained positive and strong. I’m currently 25 years old and it made me realize not to take things for granted and to always stay positive regardless of what situation your in. I’m interviewing Mary in The Bellevue Club on the shores of Lake Merritt in Oakland, CA. This historical building has breathtaking views of Lake Merritt and a local bird sanctuary. We decided on this place because Mary is a member here. She also enjoys the rich history, having meals and takes swimming classes here. We decided to do the interview over lunch in the main dining room, which had high ceilings, marble flooring, and floral long curtains. This club was a former women’s social club and had a style of the 1920’s. Mary was born in Appleton, Wisconsin. While growing up she lived with her mother, her brother and youngest sister. Her father was in the military and eventually left them and moved to California. She lived a pretty good childhood, she attended church every Sunday and she was always interested in reading and writing. While growing up she saw her mother struggle to support 3 children but her mother was always strong and positive. Mary knew she wanted to do something with her life that inspired others and she knew that her writing could take her there. She also in enjoyed French and took many classes in high school and college. She graduated from University of Wisconsin, Madison with a Bachelor’s of Science in Journalism in ... ... Mary publish a book on breast cancer but she also counseled women who were going through breast cancer and undergone mastectomies. Her book has changed many lives and has opened our eyes on new procedures and treatments. Before dating her great nephew, my mother was also a breast cancer survivor who received Mary’s book â€Å"A Women’s Choice† and many other books on battling breast cancer. Even though Mary’s book was already outdated (my mom had breast cancer 14 years ago), my mother was able to gain knowledge on the certain points Mary explained in her book, it kept her mind off the chemotherapy she was doing and it also helped her stay positive. Mary J. Spletter wanted to help other women and share her story to the world since there weren’t many resources out there. She continues to mentor women and travels to speak with women about her personal experiences.

Chapter 2: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Research

Chapter 2: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Research Answers to Review Questions 2. 1. Describe the key features of quantitative and qualitative research. Just look at Table 2. 1, which shows the key characteristics of these two approaches in their pure or extreme forms as well as the characteristics of mixed research. I will mention a few of these here. Quantitative research uses the deductive or confirmatory or â€Å"top down† scientific method; it is used primarily for description, explanation, and prediction. It is based on quantitative data, in particular on the analysis of variables.The results are statistical and a goal is to generalize the results. In qualitative research, in contrast, the â€Å"bottom up† or inductive exploratory method is used; it is used primarily for the purposes of description and exploration and to gain an understanding of how people think and experience their lives. It is based on qualitative data which during analysis are examined fo r patterns, themes, and holistic features. A narrative report is presented and generalization is usually not a goal because the focus is on the local, the personal, the subjective. 2. 2. Describe the key features of mixed research.Mixed research is the third and newest research methodology paradigm. As you can see in Table 2. 1 it tries to mix the best of qualitative and quantitative research into research studies. Philosophically, mixed research takes an eclectic, pragmatic, and commonsense approach, suggesting that the researcher mix quantitative and qualitative in a way that works best for the given research question being studied in a particular context. Mixed research uses both deductive and inductive methods, obtains both quantitative and qualitative data, attempts to corroborate and complement findings, and takes a balanced approach to research.Later in the chapter you will learn about the fundamental principle of mixed research which states that when planning mixed research, the researcher should mix methods or procedures in a way that the resulting mixture or combination has complementary strengths and nonoverlapping weaknesses. 2. 3. What is the difference between a categorical variable and a quantitative variable? Think of an example of each. A categorical variable varies in type or kind and a quantitative variable varies in degree or amount. An example of the former is gender, and an example of the latter is class size. . 4. Why is experimental research more effective than nonexperimental research when a researcher is interested in studying cause and effect? Strong experimental research designs (i. e. , the best experiments) include both manipulation and random assignment; nonexperimental has neither of these. â€Å"Manipulation† is an action taken by the researcher in the world (e. g. , providing a treatment to one group and a control condition to another group); manipulation allows us to see a manipulation first, and then observe the outco me or result of the manipulation. Random assignment† makes the groups similar on ALL extraneous variables at the beginning of the experiment; hence, the only difference between the groups will be the level of independent variable received, allowing the differences observed after the experiment is completed to be attributed to the manipulated independent variable. 2. 5. What are the main problems with the simple cases of causal-comparative and correlational research? The problem with BOTH of these simple cases is that the researcher has no manipulation, no random assignment, and is only able to determine whether a statistical relationship is present.Observing a relationship is NOT enough information to attribute causation. To make a causal attribution, you need to meet three conditions: 1) show that there is a relationship, 2) show that you have the correct time ordering of your variables, that is, if A causes B then A must precede B in time, and 3) all alternative explanations must be ruled out. Again, all the simple cases give us is a relationship (i. e. , condition 1). (On the other hand, a well conducted strong experiment satisfies all three conditions. ) 2. 6 What are two variables that you believe are positively correlated?Study time the night before an exam and test grades (i. e. , the greater the study time, the higher the grades). 2. 7. What are two variables that you believe are negatively correlated? Amount of time spent partying the night before a test and test grades (i. e. , the greater the time spent partying, the lower the grades).. 2. 8. What are the different types of qualitative research, and what is the defining feature of each of these? The types are phenomenology, ethnography, case study research, grounded theory, and historical research.Here are the definitions, with the key ideas underlined: (a) Phenomenology: a form of qualitative research in which the researcher attempts to understand how one or more individuals experience a phen omenon. (b) Ethnography: a form of qualitative research focused on describing the culture of a group of people. (c) Case study research: a form of qualitative research that is focused on providing a detailed account of one or more cases. (d) Grounded theory research: a qualitative approach to generating a theory from the data that the researcher collects. e) Historical research: research about events in the past. 2. 9. What is mixed research, and what is an example of this kind of research? Mixed research (also commonly called mixed methods research) is research in which the researcher uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches in a single research study. Example: study the members of the snake handling churches in the Southern Tennessee/West Georgia using participant observation and using quantitative measurement instruments to profile the participants on variables of interest.Both sorts of data will likely provide useful information. 2. 10. What are the three re search paradigms in education and what are the major types of research in each of these paradigms? (Hint: See Figure 2. 3 in your textbook. ) They are quantitative research, qualitative research, and mixed research. Quantitative research has two major subtypes: experimental and nonexperimental research; qualitative research has five major subtypes: phenomenology, ethnography, case study, grounded theory, and historical research. Chapter 2: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Research Chapter 2: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Research Answers to Review Questions 2. 1. Describe the key features of quantitative and qualitative research. Just look at Table 2. 1, which shows the key characteristics of these two approaches in their pure or extreme forms as well as the characteristics of mixed research. I will mention a few of these here. Quantitative research uses the deductive or confirmatory or â€Å"top down† scientific method; it is used primarily for description, explanation, and prediction. It is based on quantitative data, in particular on the analysis of variables.The results are statistical and a goal is to generalize the results. In qualitative research, in contrast, the â€Å"bottom up† or inductive exploratory method is used; it is used primarily for the purposes of description and exploration and to gain an understanding of how people think and experience their lives. It is based on qualitative data which during analysis are examined fo r patterns, themes, and holistic features. A narrative report is presented and generalization is usually not a goal because the focus is on the local, the personal, the subjective. 2. 2. Describe the key features of mixed research.Mixed research is the third and newest research methodology paradigm. As you can see in Table 2. 1 it tries to mix the best of qualitative and quantitative research into research studies. Philosophically, mixed research takes an eclectic, pragmatic, and commonsense approach, suggesting that the researcher mix quantitative and qualitative in a way that works best for the given research question being studied in a particular context. Mixed research uses both deductive and inductive methods, obtains both quantitative and qualitative data, attempts to corroborate and complement findings, and takes a balanced approach to research.Later in the chapter you will learn about the fundamental principle of mixed research which states that when planning mixed research, the researcher should mix methods or procedures in a way that the resulting mixture or combination has complementary strengths and nonoverlapping weaknesses. 2. 3. What is the difference between a categorical variable and a quantitative variable? Think of an example of each. A categorical variable varies in type or kind and a quantitative variable varies in degree or amount. An example of the former is gender, and an example of the latter is class size. . 4. Why is experimental research more effective than nonexperimental research when a researcher is interested in studying cause and effect? Strong experimental research designs (i. e. , the best experiments) include both manipulation and random assignment; nonexperimental has neither of these. â€Å"Manipulation† is an action taken by the researcher in the world (e. g. , providing a treatment to one group and a control condition to another group); manipulation allows us to see a manipulation first, and then observe the outco me or result of the manipulation. Random assignment† makes the groups similar on ALL extraneous variables at the beginning of the experiment; hence, the only difference between the groups will be the level of independent variable received, allowing the differences observed after the experiment is completed to be attributed to the manipulated independent variable. 2. 5. What are the main problems with the simple cases of causal-comparative and correlational research? The problem with BOTH of these simple cases is that the researcher has no manipulation, no random assignment, and is only able to determine whether a statistical relationship is present.Observing a relationship is NOT enough information to attribute causation. To make a causal attribution, you need to meet three conditions: 1) show that there is a relationship, 2) show that you have the correct time ordering of your variables, that is, if A causes B then A must precede B in time, and 3) all alternative explanations must be ruled out. Again, all the simple cases give us is a relationship (i. e. , condition 1). (On the other hand, a well conducted strong experiment satisfies all three conditions. ) 2. 6 What are two variables that you believe are positively correlated?Study time the night before an exam and test grades (i. e. , the greater the study time, the higher the grades). 2. 7. What are two variables that you believe are negatively correlated? Amount of time spent partying the night before a test and test grades (i. e. , the greater the time spent partying, the lower the grades).. 2. 8. What are the different types of qualitative research, and what is the defining feature of each of these? The types are phenomenology, ethnography, case study research, grounded theory, and historical research.Here are the definitions, with the key ideas underlined: (a) Phenomenology: a form of qualitative research in which the researcher attempts to understand how one or more individuals experience a phen omenon. (b) Ethnography: a form of qualitative research focused on describing the culture of a group of people. (c) Case study research: a form of qualitative research that is focused on providing a detailed account of one or more cases. (d) Grounded theory research: a qualitative approach to generating a theory from the data that the researcher collects. e) Historical research: research about events in the past. 2. 9. What is mixed research, and what is an example of this kind of research? Mixed research (also commonly called mixed methods research) is research in which the researcher uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches in a single research study. Example: study the members of the snake handling churches in the Southern Tennessee/West Georgia using participant observation and using quantitative measurement instruments to profile the participants on variables of interest.Both sorts of data will likely provide useful information. 2. 10. What are the three re search paradigms in education and what are the major types of research in each of these paradigms? (Hint: See Figure 2. 3 in your textbook. ) They are quantitative research, qualitative research, and mixed research. Quantitative research has two major subtypes: experimental and nonexperimental research; qualitative research has five major subtypes: phenomenology, ethnography, case study, grounded theory, and historical research.

beyond the dead essays

beyond the dead essays This play was the resounding voice of the dead. The direction of the play closely followed the original direction of the script. By that I mean that the unity of the play was contingent on the premise of the original writer. I believe that the director of this play was trying to uphold the message that Irwin Shaw first presented with this play. The play was directed very well. It seemed that it drove the intended message home well, which in this case I would consider an appreciative success. The view that I carried while watching this performance changed dramatically. Before the viewing, and during the first scenes, I was convinced that the plot was too dramatic. There has always been an enormous amount of sacrifice by soldiers during times of war. I thought this to be more of a degrading look at war, and it's atrocities. I believe in the sacrifices of war, or at least I thought I did. The play convinced me that not always is sacrifice necessary, and often times the sac rifice goes unnoticed, or without proper revere for those giving up their lives. I would call the performance a sensitive, yet very real portrayal of the very large, yet mostly unseen, and unappreciated, losses of life. The actors did a pretty good job. On simple terms, they all remembered their lines, and the specific movements required of them. I guess that I don't know that for fact. If there was a mistake though, it was covered very well, which would indicate even better acting to me. The group of men that played the soldiers worked well together. They all seemed to be plagued by exactly the same symptoms. Of course they were all dead, but no one knows how to act dead-alive. Their individual acting of the symptoms was great, because in each we could see the same traits. They all swayed from side to side, or all kept a very somber, quiet look on their faces. Then they six were all further challenged by having to maintain these similarities ...

Sir Humphry Davy essays

Sir Humphry Davy essays Davy's most important investigations were devoted to electrochemistry. Following Galvani's experiments and the discovery of the voltaic pile, interest in galvanic electricity had become widespread. The first chemical decomposition, by means of the pile were carried out in 1800 by Nicholson and Carlisle, who obtained hydrogen and oxygen from water, and who decomposed the aqueous solutions of a variety of common salts. Davy, too, began to example the chemical effects of electricity in 1800. He soon found that when he passed electrical current through some substances, these substances decomposed, (a process later called electrolysis). There it was certain that electrical forces could generate a current only when the electrolyte was capable of oxidizing one of the metals, and that the intensity of the voltage generated was directly related to the reactivity of the electrolyte with the metal. Evidently, Davy understood that the actions of electrolysis and of the voltaic pile were the sam e. His work led him to propose that, the elements of a chemical compound are held together by electrical forces. His first successes came in 1807 with the separation of potassium from molten potash and of sodium from common salt. Through electrolysis, Davy eventually discovered magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium in 1808. Eventually, Sir Humphrey Davy created a giant battery in the basement of Britain's Royal Society. It was made of 2,000 pairs of plates and took up 889 square feet. The intensity of its effect (the voltage generated) was directly related to the reactivity of the electrolyte with the metal. Evidently, Davy understood that the actions of electrolysis and of the voltaic pile were the same. His work led him to propose that, the elements of a chemical compound are held together by electrical forces. Davy must have known of Lavoisier's suggestion that the alkali earths were oxides of unknown metals. He tried to separate the metals by elect...

Business Etiquette in South Korea Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business Etiquette in South Korea - Term Paper Example (Nam, 2010, pp. 84-86) Business Dress: Dark business suits with white shirts should be worn by the men. They should avoid jewelry except the watch and wedding ring. Women should wear restrained colors and dress conventionally (South  Korea -  Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette, n.d.) Casual Dress: Any attire that is worn in major cities of the world is worn in South Korea. Jeans, skirt and T-shirts mostly constitute casual dress. Wearing sunglass is offensive. If it is worn, it should be removed while talking to others or entering a building. Hanbok is a traditional dress worn by both genders in South Korea on traditional festivals and social events. (Korean Dress, 2007) Working Hours: South Korea has one of the highest annual working hours on an average in the world. Although there is a legislation of maximum 40hrs workweek, maximum 5 days workweek and maximum 12 hours per day, the practice has not changed much. Working till late is usual. (Working in South Korea, 2009) Va cations: 15 days of paid vacation is available to full time workers who have been with the company for more than 80% of the calendar year. (Working in South Korea, 2009) Business Card Etiquette: South Koreans like to know the person before entering in a business deal. Therefore, in the initial meeting, exchange of business card is important. It is advisable to get the reverse side of the business card translated in Korean language. It is usual to provide and receive business card with both hands. It should be read with reverence and deliberation before keeping it on the table. (Gorrill, 2006, p. 3) Punctuality & Attitude towards time: South Koreans are... South Korea is a country in the eastern Asia. The official languages of the country are Korean and English. Majority of South Koreans have no affiliation to religion. Its society is male dominated. This study investigates the business etiquette in South Korea in order to help out new business plans in the country. The business etiquette in South Korea gains much importance in such scenario. Foreign companies require detailed understanding in this regard. With this as the background, this paper vividly discusses the business etiquette and various issues related to it in the South Korean business environment. A thorough investigation of the business etiquette in South Korea reveals that the business environment in the country is favorable. There are no major hurdles to business as far as culture and etiquette in South Korea are concerned. Only the critical points discussed herein above regarding gifting, negotiations and meetings need to be kept in mind while doing business. Besides, there is ample scope of refreshment and entertainment in South Korea. This is another major factor that will aid business development in the country in the future.

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Case Study Example The second lesson coming from this case is the need for top management to openly and clearly indicate their desire to pursue the radically new approach. At Denny’s the CEO made his intentions clear by making diversity an area of strategic focus. This is manifested through the holistic approach that the CEO put in place through the four-part strategy he devised to set cultural diversity in motion. These four parts were: making mandatory intensive diversity training for all members of staff; re-engineering the people systems / organizational structure; making diversity a core competence for appraising management performance, and consistently preaching the gospel of diversity (Brathwaite 1; Rice Para 9). The third point raised by Denny’s turnaround with regard to diversity is that tackling this particular challenge within organizations requires a multi-faceted approach that goes beyond the often promoted mandatory diversity training in many organizations. For starters the Denny’s case highlights that training in itself needs to be implemented through a tiered approach, where training needs are based on position, power and roles and responsibilities of the individual within the company. The second reason why a multifaceted approach is needed is because tackling diversity issues necessitates both cultural and structural changes to the organization. On the one hand, Denny’s recruitment, firing, promotion, development and promotion policies reflected its organizational culture that needed to be changed. On the other hand, Denny’s long hierarchical structure shielded the CEO from the misdeeds committed by the lower management levels. The final point obtained from the success of Denny’s turnaround is the need for consistency from top management with regards to effecting and sustaining a diversity policy within the organization. This has to be done through verbal communication – the fourth part of CEO Adamson’s strategy – and also through

Human Resource Development studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Human Resource Development studies - Essay Example This essay will discuss how boundaries between organisations are increasingly becoming fluid across a diverse range of networks and the implications that these network forms have on the maintenance and development of skills for individuals and organisations. Reasons for diversification of networks The thinning of the boundaries between organisations has to a large extent been caused by the diversification of organisations, this has seen most of the organisations increase their product diversity to minimise risks and increase their capability to take advantage of opportunities in the market (Johnson, 2010, p65). In addition, organisations have also diversified their markets in several regions in order to reach a larger client base. These processes of diversification have caused major shifts in the way the companies conduct their operations (Hill & Jones, 2007, p85). In the case of concentric diversification where organisations are concerned with increasing the scope of their products through the adding related goods and services, integration of different skills has been a necessity; this is to increase the strategic fit in the running of the organisations (Gu?Nther, 2007, p152). The related products that an organisation includes in its operation depends on the field that it operates in, for instance, organisations that offer services in the service industries are likely to add to their products other services that compliment their operations or those that add value to the initially existing services. For instance, a company that has a conservancy for wild animals or that is manages a game reserve is more likely to diversify its operation to include offering travelling packages for tourists who visit their facility. In addition, it may wish to own a hotel within the conservancy where the tourists can stay when they are visiting the region, this would encourage more tourists to visit the conservancy or the game reserve. Still to increase the visibility of the orga nisation to possible tourists, the organisation is likely to acquire an advertising firm. This diversification in operations of a service company would require that the workers especially in the management levels to acquire new skills to enable them run the organisation efficiently and effectively. Diversification in organisations that deal in goods is more likely to be extensive and complex than for the organisations that are in the service industry, this makes the workers in the goods producing organisations more affected by the organisation’s operations in different networks (Toxvaerd, 2010, p72). Most of the organisations that have their final products in form of goods require a lot of technological and management expertise, this is because in the production of goods, there are a lot of stages that are involved before the goods are ready to be taken to the market (Gregory & Cooper, 2009, p111). These stages include; procurement and transportation of raw materials, the pro cessing of raw materials that may involve several stages, quality assurance checks, packaging and branding of the product, warehousing search and transportation

Pest Essay Example for Free

Pest Essay Hong Kong is politically stable, there would rarely be any political factors that will interrupt and slow down the company’s growth. Hong Kong doesn’t have goods and services tax so this allows McDonalds to have lower expenses and they can maximize their profit. The international operations of Mcdonald’s are highly influenced by the individual state policies enforced by each government. Economic- The economic collapse has caused Hong Kong to enter the recession stage in the economic cycle. Therefore the demands for low price food increase tremendously and this benefited McDonald, since the foods are cheap and the quality is guaranteed. Inflation has caused McDonald to raise meal price, in long term, as inflation raised to a point that it will be too expensive and McDonald will lose its large customer base. But still Mcdonald’s is still a market leader and it got a very (high)large target market. low cost more incomes. The rate at which the economy of that particular state grows determines the purchasing power of the consumers in that country. Social- McDonald is a fast food restaurant company so they can perform their services in a short period of time and this fits with the fast paced lifestyle in Hong Kong. In the past few years Hong Kong people are more aware of healthy eating, so they stay away from high calories and high cholesterol food. McDonald tries to prevent the loss of customer by adding healthier food in the menu such as salads sweet corn. Working within many social groups. Increase employments. Technology- Hong Kong has a well developed transportation system, especially the airport that has airlines that connects to different part of the world. Their food supplies can be delivered from all around the world in a short period. Computers and smart cashiers are used by the employees so they would not get confused and they are provided with customized database management system. They also have Wifi provide in every McDonalds also, its very convenient for people that is using laptop. Quality packing and standards. Advanced technology development. Local manufacture using foreign supplies. | | Strength| Strong brand name, image and reputation- Clean environment and play areas for children (bday party provided)- 24 hours- Customer intimacy- Product innovation- Supplier integration| Weaknesses| High staff turnover (food going to waste)- Unhealthy food image- Low depth and width of product- Unbalanced meals (mostly meat, amount of fruit or vegetable not much)| Opportunities| Expand into Tier 2 and Tier 3 cities- Growth of the fast-food industry- Worldwide deregulation- Low cost menu that will attract the customers- Freebies and discounts- Can open up online service for customers Growing health trend (fresh burger or healthy dessert)| Threats| Increase competition from local fast food outlets- Mcdonald’s competitors threatened market share of the company both internationally and domestically- Health issues – Health professionals and consumer activities accuse Mcdonald’s of contributing to the country’s health issue of high cholesterol, heart attacks, diabetes and obesity- Lack of choices (customers will change their taste anyday)- Global recession and fluctuating foreign currencies- Fast-foo d chain industry is expected to struggle to meet the expectations of the customers towards health and environmental issues|

Management Law Tenants

Management Law Tenants Property management as defined in wikipedia is the operation of commercial and/or residential real estate. The duties of property management includes accepting rent, responding to and addressing maintenance issues, advertising vacancies for landlords, and doing credit and background checks on tenants. One important role of property management is that of liaison between the landlord and tenant. There are several definition of property management, one is that property management might mean keeping their own property safe, secure and pleasant to the eye. For others, property management could mean paying someone else to make sure your property is in tip top shape. Some types of properties that may need property management are; houses, condos, duplexes, town homes, apartments, shopping centers, malls, offices buildings, airports and public transportation buildings, hospitals and many more. Property management is very similar to the role of management in any business. In this coursework the writer will analyze the complaints and problems presented to the property manager of Megadosh Management by their client. To be able to do so we need to define important terms such as landlord, tenant and rent. The writer also presented the roles and rights of each person involve in the business. Property management agreement depends on the service needed by the client. The payment of their service is also mentioned. Upon understanding the role of property management the writer will now present the responses on the letter sent to the property manager. Discussion of each letter and identifying the problem is needed to response on their inquiry accurately. In the conclusion the paper will include his point of view and some important facts. Definition of Terms Landlord as defined in www.lectlaw.com, is an owner of real property who leases (rents) that property to a tenant under a lease agreement. He is bound to perform certain duties and is entitled to certain rights. His obligations are: (www.lectlaw.com) To ensure that he abide on the covenant that they both agree. To secure to the tenant the quiet enjoyment of the premises leased; but a tenant for years has no remedy against his landlord, if he be ousted by one who has no title, in that case the law leaves him to his remedy against the wrong doer. But the implied covenant for quiet enjoyment may be qualified and enlarged or narrowed according to the particular agreement of the parties and a general covenant for quiet enjoyment does not extend to wrongful evictions or disturbances by a stranger The landlord is bound by his express covenant to repair the premises, but unless he binds himself by express covenant the tenant cannot compel him to repair. His rights are: (www.lectlaw.com) To receive the rent agreed upon and to enforce all the express covenants into which the tenant may have entered To require the lessee to treat the premises demised in such manner that no injury be done to the inheritance and prevent waste To have the possession of the premises after the expiration of the lease. Tenant as defined in Thesaurus as the one who pays the rent to use or occupy land, a building, or other property owned by another. In law, the one who holds or possesses lands, tenements, or sometimes personal property by any kind of title. (www.landlordzone.co.uk). Tenants Legal Right and Obligations Commercial Obligation It is the obligation of the tenant to pay the exact amount for rent. It is the obligation of the tenant to pay the rent on time. Commercial Right It is the right of the tenant to have a comfortable property. Residential Right Know the terms of the tenancy. Know the name and address of the landlord (normally included in the agreement) Accommodation which is in a good tenantable state of repair free from defects. Reasonably quick and effective repairs if you report defects. Safe accommodation, all electrical, gas and other systems and appliances meeting modern safety standards and are subject to regular checks. A CORGI Gas Inspection Certificate annually and on entry to the accommodation  Ã‚   Operating instructions, safety warnings and emergency procedures where appliances and systems may be unfamiliar. Peaceable and quiet enjoyment of the accommodation, free from demands for access without notice and/or interference with utilities or other supplies to the property. A rent book if the rent is payable weekly. A reasonable (statutory) period of notice if the landlord wants you to leave. The return of the security deposit within a reasonable period Residential Obligation Give honest and truthful statements during the tenancy application process.   Pay a reasonable (market) rent. Pay the rent as and when it is due. Respect and care for the landlords property, furniture and fittings. Pay the landlord for any damage (beyond normal wear and tear) at the end of, or during a tenancy. Pay the landlord for any exceptional cleaning and rubbish removal at the end of a tenancy. Report defects to the landlord immediately they become apparent. Not use the premises for any purpose other than residential accommodation. Not keep pets, unless approved by the landlord and the tenancy agreement. Not do anything in or around the premises which would cause nuisance, damage or annoyance to the landlord or the neighbours. Not bring into occupation other residents without informing the landlord. (Such additional   adult occupant/s will be required to sign a tenancy agreement) Not leave the accommodation unoccupied for more that 14 days without informing the landlord or his agent. Give notice to quit in writing, which must be at least 4 weeks, where the rent is paid monthly. Not to use the security deposit in lieu of rent. Observe all the terms of the tenancy agreement Property Management Operation of property as a business, including rental, rent collection, maintenance, and so on. Role of Property Management One important role of the property management is to negotiate between the landlord and tenant. The property management should be aware of the laws and rights of both the landlord and the tenant. Problems and conflicts usually arise when the project managers are not aware of the covenants agreed upon by the landlord and the tenant. Property Management is being performed by the project managers. In exchange of the service they provide, property management companies charge landlords a percentage of the gross rent collected each month, in addition to lease commissions. Property managers may manage construction, development, repair and maintenance on a property. A property manager relation with tenants gives a face to the landlord and provides them the necessary buffer servicing their desire to profit and distance themselves from their tenant constituency. The property manager or the property management company has a primary responsibility to the landlord and a secondary responsibility to the tenant. Relationships the property manager or property management team have with the landlord and with the tenant are crucial in forming the expectations of both parties to the lease since both parties will seek and expect certain rights and benefits out of it. Owners expectations from the property manager/ property management team are to carry out the owners instructions, control costs and maximize revenue to maintain a stabilized cash flow as a return on capital invested, exercise control over the building to safeguard the capital invested, provide a duty of care through proper maintenance of the building, to be professional and well informed, enhance the value of the property by making improvements that will increase its market value, retain and enhance pride of ownership Problems in Property Management Property Management is the one responsible for the covenant that the landlord and tenant agreed on. Any problems or violation of the said agreement would lead to problems and misunderstanding of both parties. This is where the role of the property management enters. They are the one who mediate and solve the agreement. When problems happens property management usually work hand in hand with the trained attorneys. During this situation the focus will be given on landlord/tenant law and most commonly evictions, non-payment, harassment, reduction of pre-arranged services, and public nuisance. Therefore, it is a necessity that a property manager be current with applicable municipal, county and state laws and practices. The Megadosh Management In the last few days Megadosh received four letters from their client stating several points regarding their request for maintenance, end of lease and extension of property. Megaosh need to reply on the four letters, to be able to do so we must need to analyze the problems and the covenant between the landlord and the tenant. In the first letter, Mr. Smalls request to renew their lease for another term of 21 years. The landlord has the right to terminate or to not allow the renewal of contract. The request of Mr. Smalls would depend on the decision of the owner as to renew it or terminate the agreement. The contract ends on March 24, 2008, if the owner does not want them to renew the contract the tenant has the right to request for a 3 months extension to have them the time to relocate. The extension for lease may not be given authority of the owner since he is planning to renovate the whole area and putting up building as residential. If given extension on the contract Mr. Smalls still has no right to do the construction without the consent of the owner. In Commercial Tenancies Act R.S.O. 1990, c. L.7, the Lease until Breach (3)  Ã‚  For the purposes of this section, a lease limited to continue only as long as the lessee abstains from committing a breach of covenant is and takes effect as a lease to co ntinue for any longer term for which it could subsist, but determinable by a proviso for re-entry on such a breach. R.S.O. 1990, c.  L.7, s.  20  (3). In this Act of Tenancies it shows that landlord has the right to refuse continuation of lease as well as expanding the property. The Letter forwarded by Ms.K. Holmes of Unit 22 Desolation Row Shopping Centre on February 28th, 2008. Includes suggestion and request for the repair of the part of the structural roof of the Shopping Centre, which directly covers her unit. The tenant asks for the repair to be on summer. She also refuses to replace the lights because she cannot afford it. The question would be who will replace the lights? Whose obligation is it? Specimen Lease of Business Premises includes the following rights of the tenant: the Lessee may occupy and use any portion of the Leased Premises, subject to payment as daily rental for each and every day of the period up to the date of commencement of the Term of the Lease during which any portion of the Leased Premises is so occupied and used by the Lessee, at the end of such period, of the aggregate of the amount determined by multiplying. Internally you said you wanted me to change all the lighting to low energy bulbs, and to renew some damaged plasterwor k on one of the walls. Another question would be who is the legally assigned person to handle the replacement of the light bulb? In the specimen lease covenant it was stated that lessor will be the one who will handle the repair and replacement of the light bulbs. To support the claim of the writer we will present the part of the Generic Lease/ Specimen Lease of Business Premises. Below is part of the Agreement to help Megadosh decide on this matter. Services and Equipment The Lessor shall, at all times during the Term, at the Lessors own expense and to the satisfaction of the Lessee provide for and to the Leased Premises, maintain, and as appropriate, install and keep in good repair and operating condition, all in accordance with the Schedules entitled Standards for Leased Accommodation and Cleaning Specifications appended hereto: a constant supply of hot and cold water to all washbasins and sinks; a drinking fountain on each and every floor of the Building in which the Leased Premises are located; all heat, ventilation, air conditioning, air circulation and humidity control required in and for the Leased Premises; lighting and all electrical power required on the Leased Premises except as herein specifically otherwise provided, and, as lamps, bulbs, ballasts and fuses wear out, replacement thereof; a fire alarm system for use in emergency situations; an auxiliary supply of electricity and power for emergency services and systems throughout the Building, whenever a failure in the normal supply of electricity and power occurs; a constant supply of all dispensary items and deodorant blocks and all maintenance and repairs from time to time required to keep lavatory and toilet room equipment and accessories in good operating condition; removal of ice and snow from all outside parking areas and the roadways, walks, steps and fire escapes leading to and from the Building, all such parking spaces, roadways, walks, steps and fire escapes to be kept, at all times, free and clear of snow and ice; all maintenance and repairs required to keep the common areas at all times clean, tidy, free and clear of any refuse, garbage, waste products and, obstructing materials whatsoever, and in good condition and repair; where available, removal of garbage and recyclable materials from the Leased Premises whenever and so often as may be necessary and, in any event, not less often than once daily, to keep the Leased Premises at all times neat, tidy and free and clear of any refuse, garbage, waste products and obstructing materials whatsoever; all labour and materials for the cleaning of the Leased Premises, the Lessees Improvements and the furnishings therein, the windows of the Leased Premises and the common areas and the Lessor shall, at all times during the Term, clean the said Leased Premises, Lessees Improvements and furnishings, windows and common areas and keep the same clean and free of dust and dirt and maintain the grounds forming part of the Lands in the manner and not less often than as specified in the Schedule entitled Cleaning Specifications; all elevator service required with one or more elevators in operation and available for use at all times, throughout each and every hour of each and every day of the term and the remainder of which shall be in operation daily at all times throughout the period from 6:30 to 18:30  hours in each and every day, except Saturdays, Sundays and holidays observed by the Lessee and on which the Leased Premises are closed to the public generally; window and floor coverings and replacement thereof whenever required by reason of wear and tear; safe and convenient access for persons with disabilities to and from the Lands, the Building and the Leased Premises and the facilities for the use of persons with disabilities situated in and out of the Leased Premises; if so requested by the Lessee, a mutually acceptable location for bicycle racks, provided by the Lessee and in the care of the Lessor, having a capacity of at least bicycles; provide all labour and equipment necessary for the collection, storage and removal of recyclable material in order to comply with the Multi-material and Paper recycling program of the Lessee, to the extent that a recycling infrastructure is operational in the community in which the Building is located, with the understanding that the Lessor will make available to the Lessee any records the Lessor has at his disposal on the total weight of recycled material removed from the Building; Clause # 4 supports the claim of the lessee not to shoulder the expenses for the changing of the lighting and the repair of the plasterwork on the wall. Megadosh can work this out with the owner. It is better to review the agreement carefully to avoid further problem and conflict. Another letter from Mr and Mrs Hiolternionen was forwarded with the subject for early termination of lease. Upon reviewing their agreement it was stated that: ‘If the Tenant wishes to determine this lease on the 25th March 2008 or on any date thereafter and of such wish gives to the Landlord not less than six months written notice and up to the date of expiry of such notice pays all rents due under this Lease and materially performs all the other obligations of the Tenant under this Lease then on the expiry of such notice this Lease shall forthwith determine. A six month rent deposit is still on the hand of the owner. The said amount will be returned when the Lease is at end. In this case the tenant should have given the landlord or forwarded a letter to Megadosh 6 months before they decided to move out. It was clearly stated in the agreement that they should have informed the landlord thru written notice not less than six months. Under the Leases (C0mmercial and Retail) Act 20 01 Sect 119 the lessor may contest termination    (1)       The lessor may, within 14 days after being served with a termination notice, contest the termination by application to the Magistrates Court.    (2)       The only ground for contesting a termination under this section is that— (a)       the lessor acted honestly and reasonably and ought reasonably to be excused for doing the thing that constituted the ground for termination under section 117 (Right to terminate—no disclosure statement etc) or section 118 (Failure to notify material change in disclosure statement); and (b)       the tenant is substantially in as good a position as the tenant would have been in had the lessor not done the thing. The tenant should stay on the location for 6 months until they will be able to get the 6 months deposit they have given the property management. This will be the respond of Megadosh on their letter. If question arises they can read the copy of the agreement signed by them. Until all of their obligations are paid in full the refund for the deposit will be given to them at once. The last letter comes from Mr. Pants he is requesting to let Harry Trash to use the rear part of the yard for repairs. Upon reviewing the lease of Mr. Pants Megadosh found the only restriction on assignment, it contains tenants covenant. The tenants covenant are as follow ‘not without the prior written consent of the Landlord, such consent not unreasonably to be withheld, to assign this Lease; the user clause in the Lease states: ‘The Tenant covenants (a) not to use the building comprised within the premises otherwise than for the retail sale of gentlemens clothing or for such other specific retail purpose as the Landlord may from time to time approve in writing, such approval not unreasonably to be withheld, and (b) not to use the rear yard otherwise than for parking and loading of vehicles and/or for temporary storage of goods in connection with the authorised use of the building.